Science X Newsletter Tue, Sep 26

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for September 26, 2023:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

AI predicts sea surface temperature cooling during tropical cyclones

A reinforcement learning-based method to plan the coverage path and recharging of unmanned aerial vehicles

Study shows that perception is driven by variability of neural activity in the sensory cortex

JWST discovers massive and compact quiescent galaxy

Unleashing the power of AI to track animal behavior

Elevated temperatures and climate change may contribute to rising drug and alcohol disorders

Antarctic sea ice hits lowest winter maximum on record: US data

Scientists uncover a scaly surprise with new pangolin species

How to save plants from climate change. The answers may be the language of their tissues and physiology

Unraveling the gut's role in Gulf War illness

Imaging the elusive skyrmion: Neutron tomography reveals their shapes and dynamics in bulk materials

Depression, anxiety may be among early signs of multiple sclerosis

How silencing a gene-silencer could lead to new cancer drugs

Earthworms contribute to 6.5% of global grain production

Stacking order and strain boosts second-harmonic generation with 2D Janus hetero-bilayers

Nanotechnology news

	Stacking order and strain boosts second-harmonic generation with 2D Janus hetero-bilayers A group of researchers from Tohoku University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Rice University, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have proposed a new mechanism to enhance short-wavelength light (100–300 nm) by second harmonic generation (SHG) in a two-dimensional (2D), thin material composed entirely of commonplace elements.
	Researchers develop minimal nanozymes with carbon dioxide capture capacity Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) researchers have developed minimal nanozymes with the capacity of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in industrial processes—and applicable to other environmental remediation processes—based on artificial molecular structures formed by the peptides of only seven amino acids.
	Thermal magIC: Digging into the details of an ambitious new 'thermometry camera' Thermometers can do a lot of things: Measure the temperature at the center of your perfectly braised chicken or tell you whether to keep your child home from school due to illness. But because of their size, traditional thermometers' uses are still limited.
	Scientists marry MRI, ultrasound, and optoacoustics for improved medical exams Physicians and researchers rely on biomedical imaging to examine the structure and function of living tissue. This enables disease diagnostics and experiments that reveal the mechanisms behind pathologies and ways to treat them. The most popular techniques for radiation-free imaging are ultrasound and MRI scans. Optoacoustics, on the other hand, is a promising emerging approach only recently introduced into clinical practice.
	Thiol ligands modify metal nanocluster structures and optical properties Metal nanoclusters are tiny, crystalline structures up to two nanometers (2 x 10-9 meters) in diameter that contain a few to hundreds of metal atoms. Understanding the precise assembly of metal nanoclusters is paramount to determining how different structures affect the properties and molecular interactions of these materials.
	Mineral nanoparticles could potentially act as nanozyme mimics, assisting fungi in breaking down organic pollutants A study led by Dr. Guanghui Yu from School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, delved into the role of magnetite nanoparticles as nanozyme mimics.

Physics news

	Imaging the elusive skyrmion: Neutron tomography reveals their shapes and dynamics in bulk materials Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with colleagues elsewhere have employed neutron imaging and a reconstruction algorithm to reveal for the first time the 3D shapes and dynamics of very small tornado-like atomic magnetic arrangements in bulk materials.
	Holographic hybridization technique allows changes of depth of field in recorded pictures and videos Most of the imaging technologies available today, including smartphone cameras, digital video cameras, microscopes and telescopes, are based on the concepts of direct imaging, i.e., a camera directly recording a scene in a single step. This is precisely how human vision works, where light from an object is collected by the eye's lens and focused on the retina.
	Making a femtosecond laser out of glass Is it possible to make a femtosecond laser entirely out of glass? That's the rabbit hole that Yves Bellouard, head of EPFL's Galatea Laboratory, went down after years of spending hours—and hours—aligning femtosecond lasers for lab experiments.
	New spin-squeezing techniques let atoms work together for better quantum measurements Opening new possibilities for quantum sensors, atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics, JILA researchers have developed new ways of "entangling" or interlinking the properties of large numbers of particles. In the process they have devised ways to measure large groups of atoms more accurately even in disruptive, noisy environments.
	Memory-induced Magnus effect: Looking at the unexpected curveball in miniature Whether you are familiar with the term "Magnus effect" or not, you have certainly seen it in action. It is when a spinning ball—for instance in football, cricket or baseball—bends away from its expected trajectory, often to the surprise of the opposing team. The principle also has engineering uses, for example to propel certain types of ships or aircraft using a "Flettner rotor."
	Researchers fabricate chip-based optical resonators with record low UV losses Researchers have created chip-based photonic resonators that operate in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions of the spectrum and exhibit a record low UV light loss. The new resonators lay the groundwork for increasing the size, complexity and fidelity of UV photonic integrated circuit (PIC) design, which could enable new miniature chip-based devices for applications such as spectroscopic sensing, underwater communication and quantum information processing.
	Chi-Nu experiment ends, bolsters nuclear security and energy reactors The results of the Chi-Nu physics experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory have contributed essential, never-before-observed data for enhancing nuclear security applications, understanding criticality safety and designing fast-neutron energy reactors. The Chi-Nu project, a years-long experiment measuring the energy spectrum of neutrons emitted from neutron-induced fission, recently concluded the most detailed and extensive uncertainty analysis of the three major actinide elements—uranium-238, uranium-235 and plutonium-239.
	Successful optical biosensing using dual optical combs: High sensitivity and rapid detection of biomolecules Bio-sensors are biomolecular sensors that leverage or mimic the sophisticated molecular recognition capabilities of living organisms. They find widespread applications in fields such as health care, food, and the environment.
	Single sideband modulation technique can relax the bandwidth restriction As an ultra-wideband microwave signal, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be used in many applications, such as electronic warfare, wireless communications and modern radar systems. Initially, ASK microwave signals are generated based on radio frequency analog mixing and direct digital synthesis, which limit the carrier frequency and coding bit rate of generated signals. Compared with the traditional microwave technology, microwave photonics technique can generate ASK microwave signals with high frequency and large bandwidth.
	Researchers prepare for exascale supercomputer simulations of nuclear reactors Nuclear energy is responsible for approximately one-fifth of total electricity used in the U.S., and nearly half of the country's renewable electricity. Most of the reactors generating this electricity were built decades ago. The construction of new nuclear reactors that use advanced technologies and processes could help grow the amount of carbon-free electricity the nuclear power industry produces and help the U.S. progress toward a net zero economy.

Earth news

	AI predicts sea surface temperature cooling during tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones are extreme weather events, characterized by a circular form and formation over warm tropical oceans experiencing low atmospheric pressure, high winds and heavy rain. Tropical storms exceed 39 miles per hour (mph), while hurricanes experience sustained winds of 74mph and above.
	Antarctic sea ice hits lowest winter maximum on record: US data The sea ice around Antarctica likely had a record low surface area when it was at its maximum size this winter, a preliminary US analysis of satellite data showed Monday.
	Computer simulation explains mysterious rock patterns seen from Czech Republic to Mars In geology, honeycombs are an intriguing pattern of small cavities on rock surfaces found in coastal regions, wet areas, deserts, and even on Mars. They are fascinating to look at in natural objects and a bane of historic buildings and monuments. Despite a hundred years of research, scientists are still not sure how honeycombs come about.
	Exploring the effect of water on seismic wave attenuation in the upper mantle The oceanic lithosphere, which constitutes the top layer including Earth's crust and mantle below the oceans, has long intrigued scientists due to its peculiar behavior. This layer appears to glide over a weaker region below called the asthenosphere, characterized by high seismic attenuation and low shear wave velocity.
	A newly refined map of Zealandia drawn using study of dredged rock samples A small international team of geologists and seismologists has created a newly refined map of Zealandia using data obtained from dredged rock samples recovered from the ocean floor. They report details in the journal Tectonics.
	Q&A: Study reveals long-distance levers behind US Southwest drought, and a dry future The U.S. Southwest has been suffering a drought that began at the close of the 20th century—now officially known as a megadrought, due to its intensity and longevity. Climate scientist Richard Seager has been studying it since the start. Much of his research has been on the role of natural variability versus human-induced climate change.
	Humans could serve as sentinels for 'forever chemicals' harm to wildlife health A new paper published in Science of The Total Environment by Environmental Working Group scientists proposes an intriguing concept: Humans can serve as a valuable resource for understanding the impact on other animal species of the toxic "forever chemicals" known as PFAS.
	Study finds Antarctica's glacial border migrates for miles with the tide The grounding line of the southern Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica can shift up to 15 km with changing tides, new analysis shows. The research, published today in The Cryosphere, examines the key region where land-based Antarctic ice spills over into the surrounding ocean. Observing and understanding the dynamics of this region can help scientists predict Antarctica's response to climate change, and so how much global sea levels will rise.
	Data show container deposit schemes reduce rubbish on our beaches Our beaches are in trouble. Limited recycling programs and a society that throws away so much have resulted in more than 3 million metric tons of plastic polluting the oceans. An estimated 1.5–1.9% of this rubbish ends up on beaches.
	As Antarctic sea ice continues its dramatic decline, we need more measurements and much better models After two seasons of record-breaking lows, Antarctica's sea ice remains in dramatic decline, tracking well below any winter maximum levels observed since satellite monitoring began during the late 1970s.
	Quantifying national emissions of methane worldwide Methane (CH4) stands as the second most important greenhouse gas caused by human activities after CO2 and is responsible for 0.6°C global warming since preindustrial times.
	Investigating the role of greener plastics for Japan's carbon neutral goals Japan has a plastic problem. Thanks in part to an overabundance of packaging, the country is the second largest producer of plastic waste per capita.
	Soil carbon, nitrogen, soil fertility and climate change are tightly linked, new research shows In a first-of-its-kind long-term study, a collaborative group of scientists, including senior author Ashley Keiser, assistant professor of soil ecology at the University Of Massachusetts Amherst's Stockbridge School of Agriculture, have discovered that soil carbon determines whether mineralized nitrogen is available in the soil as ammonium, or further transformed into either nitrates that are easily lost to runoff and contribute to toxic algal blooms or nitrous oxide, which is 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide at warming the atmosphere.
	Rich nations, China must accelerate race to net zero: IEA Rich and developing nations alike must sharply improve their net-zero targets, the International Energy Agency said Tuesday, warning that a clean energy surge was the main reason the world's climate goals are still achievable.
	Colorado has a new plan to reduce greenhouse gases. Critics say it fails those most impacted by air pollution Colorado's air regulators have approved a new rule that will require the state's 18 largest manufacturers to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, but the plan is receiving pointed criticism from environmental advocates who say loopholes will allow the dirtiest companies to keep on polluting the most impacted communities.
	Feds' cash stream supports Colorado River conservation—but the money will dry up Despite a megadrought, states in the West have been able to avoid drastic cuts to their allocations of Colorado River water this year not only because of surprising storms but also thanks to generous financial incentives from all levels of government that have encouraged people to conserve.
	Effect of iron on the preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments and its implications for carbon sequestration A comprehensive review article by Professor Hu Limin, Professor Yao Peng, Professor Liu Xiting, Professor Liang Yantao, Postdoctoral Fellow Zhao Bin, Postdoctoral Fellow Du Jiazong, and master candidate Ji Yuhan from Ocean University of China has been published in both Chinese and English versions of the journal Science China Earth Sciences.
	Intercomparison of multi-model ensemble-processing strategies for climate projection in China A new study led by Prof. Zhihong Jiang at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology and Prof. Laurent Li at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS has been published in Science China Earth Sciences.

Astronomy and Space news

	JWST discovers massive and compact quiescent galaxy Astronomers have reported the discovery of a new galaxy using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of the JWST COSMOS-Web survey. The newfound object, designated JWST-ER1 is a massive and compact quiescent galaxy. The findings were detailed in a paper published September 14 on the pre-print server arXiv.
	Astronomers shed light on evolutionary paths of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies A new paper entitled "Evolutionary Paths of Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Host Galaxies," published on August 17, 2023, in Nature Astronomy, provides critical new insights on the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.
	The interaction between AGN and starburst activity as viewed with JWST With excellent sensitivity and spatial and spectral resolutions, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) presents an unprecedented opportunity to promote our understanding of the evolutionary processes of galaxies.
	From seafloor to space: New bacterial proteins shine light on climate and astrobiology Gigatons of greenhouse gas are trapped under the seafloor, and that's a good thing. Around the coasts of the continents, where slopes sink down into the sea, tiny cages of ice trap methane gas, preventing it from escaping and bubbling up into the atmosphere.
	Study sheds new light on strange lava worlds Lava worlds, massive exoplanets home to sparkling skies and roiling volcanic seas called magma oceans, are distinctly unlike the planets in our solar system.
	NASA's Chandra rewinds story of great eruption of the 1840s Using snapshots taken over 20 years with NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, astronomers have learned important new details about an eruption from Eta Carinae witnessed on Earth in the mid-19th century.
	NASA's Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe passes system integration review The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) marked the completion of an important step on the path to spacecraft assembly, test, and launch operations in late September 2023 at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Maryland.
	The impact of solar eclipses on the structure and dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere Solar eclipses can have a noticeable impact on the structure and dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere—the ionosphere. This is primarily due to the sudden reduction in solar radiation reaching the Earth's atmosphere during the eclipse. Since the ionosphere contains charged particles (ions and electrons) and is responsible for reflecting and refracting radio waves, changes to the ionosphere can also affect radio communications and navigation systems.
	Gaia is now finding planets—could it find another Earth? The ESA launched Gaia in 2013 with one overarching goal: to map more than one billion stars in the Milky Way. Its vast collection of data is frequently used in published research. Gaia is an ambitious mission, though it seldom makes headlines on its own.
	Why build megastructures? Just move planets around to make habitable worlds In 1960, Freeman Dyson proposed how advanced civilizations could create megastructures that enclosed their system, allowing them to harness all of their star's energy and multiplying the habitable space they could occupy. In 2015, the astronomical community was intrigued when the star KIC 8462852 (aka Tabby's Star) began to dim inexplicably. While an analysis of the star's light curve in 2018 revealed that the dimming pattern was more characteristic of dust than a solid structure, Tabby's Star focused attention on the concept of megastructures and their associated technosignatures.
	The darkest parts of the moon are revealed with NASA's new camera While the surface of the moon has been mapped in incredible detail over the last several decades, one region has eluded orbital cameras due to the lack of sunlight, which are aptly called the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the moon.
	The Giant Magellan Telescope's final mirror fabrication begins The Giant Magellan Telescope begins the four-year process to fabricate and polish its seventh and final primary mirror, the last required to complete the telescope's 368 square meter light collecting surface, the world's largest and most challenging optics ever produced. Together, the mirrors will collect more light than any other telescope in existence, allowing humanity to unlock the secrets of the universe by providing detailed chemical analyses of celestial objects and their origin.
	Listening to the radio on the far side of the moon There are unexplored regions of the universe—and there are also unexplored times. In fact, there's a nearly 400-million-year gap in our universe's history that we've never seen: a time before stars known as the Dark Ages. To investigate that era, researchers want to pick up a particular radio signal that can't be measured from Earth.
	NASA's OSIRIS-REx capsule arrives in Houston The first U.S. asteroid sample, delivered by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to Earth on Sept. 24, has arrived at its permanent home at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, where it will be cared for, stored, and distributed to scientists worldwide.

Technology news

	A reinforcement learning-based method to plan the coverage path and recharging of unmanned aerial vehicles Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have already proved invaluable for tackling a wide range of real-world problems. For instance, they can assist humans with deliveries, environmental monitoring, film-making and search & rescue missions.
	From stock markets to brain scans, new research harmonizes hundreds of scientific methods to understand complex systems Complexity is all around us, from the daily fluctuations of financial markets to the intricate web of neurons in our brains.
	Using anchored ionic droplets to harvest low-speed wind energy A team of chemists and engineers affiliated with a host of institutions in China, working with one colleague from the U.S. and another from the U.K., has developed new technology that harvests energy from low-speed wind. In their study, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group used anchored ionic droplets to capture energy from low-speed wind movement.
	Study unveils new solid electrolyte with cheap, eco-friendly materials A breakthrough in all-solid-state batteries has been achieved through the development of an eco-friendly solid electrolyte derived from Prussian Blue analogs (PBAs). This innovative research, conducted by a team of scientists from UNIST, promises to accelerate the commercialization of all-solid-state secondary batteries by addressing cost and environmental impact concerns. This research has been published in the online version of the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
	Organic dyes accelerate transport of buffered solar energy for significantly more efficient solar cells The sun sends enormous amounts of energy to the earth. Nevertheless, some of it is lost in solar cells. This is an obstacle in the use of organic solar cells, especially for those viable in innovative applications. A key factor in increasing their performance: Improved transport of the solar energy stored within the material.
	Generating small amounts of electricity by squeezing luffa sponges A team of mechanical engineers at Beihang University, Peking University and the University of Houston has found that it is possible to capture small amounts of electricity by repeatedly squeezing treated luffa sponges. In their study, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group treated sample luffa sponges and measured the electricity they generated when repeatedly squeezed.
	One hour of training is all you need to control a third robotic arm A new study by researchers at Queen Mary University of London, Imperial College London and The University of Melbourne has found that people can learn to use supernumerary robotic arms as effectively as working with a partner in just one hour of training.
	Addressing skin-color bias in facial recognition Let's face it. AI-powered facial recognition systems are everywhere. It is used to unlock our phones, allow access to office buildings, and screen us as a security measure at airports.
	Exploring how to build better extraterrestrial robots Running on the beach versus a paved road can change an athlete's stride, speed and stability. Alter the force of gravity, and that runner may break their personal record or sink into the ground. Researchers have to consider such parameters when designing extraterrestrial rovers and landers—which can trawl where no person has stepped foot.
	South Korea breezes through first day of League of Legends competition in Asian Games esports South Korea's League of Legends team breezed through its first day of esports competition Monday at the Asian Games, bolstered by a strong performance by top player Lee Sang-hyeok.
	Asian Games put China tech giants on podium after long crackdown Alibaba was among the high-profile Chinese tech companies brought to heel by the ruling Communist Party, but the Asian Games in the firm's home city are proving to be a golden opportunity.
	Tech firms roll back misinformation curbs ahead of 2024 polls As a global election season widely expected to be mired in misinformation and falsehoods fast approaches, the big US-based tech platforms are walking back policies meant to curb them, stoking alarm.
	Boost in solar energy and electric vehicle sales gives hope for climate goals, report says The window to limit human-caused warming to a globally agreed goal is narrowing but still open because of the huge growth of solar energy and electric vehicles sales worldwide, a report said Tuesday.
	Hosts China win Asian Games' first-ever eSports gold Hosts China on Tuesday won the Asian Games' first-ever gold in eSports in a landmark for gaming, beating Malaysia 2-0 in the smartphone game Arena of Valor.
	EU tells Apple chief to 'open up' to rivals The EU's digital chief Thierry Breton told Apple CEO Tim Cook on Tuesday that the iPhone maker must open up its products to competitors as part of Brussels' tough curbs on tech behemoths.
	Wind and solar power could significantly exceed Britain's energy needs Britain's energy needs could be met entirely by wind and solar, according to a policy brief published today by Oxford's Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment.
	Real-time inspection of defects on fuel cell surface by artificial intelligence Fuel cells, integral components of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles(FCEVs), serve as eco-friendly energy conversion systems that generate electric power and heat through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. Korean local governments are enthusiastic about investing in relevant equipment to expand the FCEV market, but they often face opposition from local residents. To alleviate citizens' concerns, it is necessary to establish infrastructure that can ensure both the productivity and safety of hydrogen fuel cells.
	Muscle, wood, coal, oil: What earlier energy transitions tell us about renewables In 2022, the burning of fossil fuels provided 82% of the world's energy. In 2000, it was 87%. Even as renewables have undergone tremendous growth, they've been offset by increased demand for energy.
	What are APIs? A computer scientist explains the data sockets that make digital life possible APIs, or application programming interfaces, are the gateways to the digital world. They link a wide array of software applications and systems. APIs facilitate communication between different software systems, and so power everything from social media—think of the share buttons on webpages—to e-commerce transactions.
	Lithium-ion battery fires are a growing public safety concern. Here's how to reduce the risk In today's electronic age, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous. Compared with the lead-acid versions that have dominated the battery market for decades, lithium-ion batteries can charge faster and store more energy for the same amount of weight.
	Remote workers are more aware of cybersecurity risks than in-office employees: New study Workers who telecommute tend to be more aware of cybersecurity threats than those who spend most of their time in a physical office and are more likely to take action to ward them off, according to our new peer-reviewed study.
	A national digital ID scheme is being proposed in Australia—an expert weighs the pros and (many more) cons In 2018-19, identity crime directly and indirectly cost Australia an estimated A$3.1 billion.
	Study: Visual analogies for AI The field of artificial intelligence has long been stymied by the lack of an answer to its most fundamental question: What is intelligence, anyway? AIs such as GPT-4 have highlighted this uncertainty: some researchers believe that GPT models are showing glimmers of genuine intelligence but others disagree.
	Understanding how choice overload in ChatGPT recommendations impacts decision-making Over the past few years, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed numerous breakthroughs. One such remarkable milestone was the development and adoption of chatbots and conversational agents based on large language models, including ChatGPT.
	Projects could power 18 million American homes with offshore wind energy: Report The U.S. offshore wind energy project development and operational pipeline reached a potential generating capacity of 52,687 megawatts (MW) at the end of May 2023, according to a National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) analysis recently released in the Offshore Wind Market Report: 2023 Edition. If fully developed, these projects would be enough to power more than 18 million American homes.
	Apple exec defends tech giant's decision to make Google default search engine on Apple iPhones, Macs A top Apple executive defended the tech giant's decision to make Google the default search engine on Apple iPhones and Macs, saying there was no "valid alternative.''
	New modeling techniques deliver county-level charging data to inform future power system upgrades Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is moving forward at a rapid rate. However, the plan for supporting infrastructure—where, when, and how to deploy EV chargers and upgrade the power grid—is a complex and moving target.
	US says Amazon running illegal monopoly in online retail A top US antitrust regulator sued Amazon on Tuesday, accusing the online retail behemoth of running an illegal monopoly by strong-arming sellers and stifling potential rivals.
	A new battery recycling facility will deepen Kentucky's ties to the electric vehicle sector A recycling facility will be built in Kentucky to shred electric vehicle batteries in a $65 million venture between American and South Korean companies that will supply material for a separate battery-related operation in the same town, the companies announced Tuesday.
	Off-grid DOA estimation via deep learning framework In radar perception tasks, it is necessary to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of the sources to achieve various applications such as target detection, tracking, and imaging. Especially for automotive millimeter-wave radars, the requirement is to achieve long-distance target detection at a high speed. Therefore, there are higher requirements for real-time performance and super-resolution ability of DOA estimation.
	How a solar-powered village in Kenya outback kept lights on during Africa's biggest blackout People across Kenya were mysteriously plunged into darkness last month as the country suffered its worst power outage in a generation—except for a tiny remote village.
	More money pledged from Michigan for a $3.5 billion electric vehicle battery plant after Ford pauses More money is being pledged in Michigan for the development of a $3.5 billion electric vehicle battery plant after Ford Motor Co. said it would pause construction until it's sure it can run the factory competitively.
	New cars are supposed to be getting safer. So why are fatalities on the rise? Alyssa Milligan was someone who intuitively knew when another person needed help, encouragement or a kind word. Although she was new to Tennessee, the 23-year old physical therapy student, whose mother called her "Sweet Alyssa," had already made many close connections, especially within the tight-knit cycling community around Nashville—before she was killed this month, struck by a pickup truck while cycling with a friend.
	UK airport scraps 160 flights over air traffic control shortages London's Gatwick airport said on Monday that it had been forced to cancel more than 160 flights between now and Sunday due to an exceptional shortage of controllers, partly caused by coronavirus infections.
	Opinion: For solar power to go global, we must consider relaxing intellectual property rights The solar energy revolution is well underway. The share of solar power in the global energy mix has nearly tripled over the past five years, and solar panel technology is increasingly cheap, with utility-scale costs falling by a factor of five in the United States over the same period. Solar is increasingly efficient. Public and private investment is pouring in.
	Alibaba plans to list logistics arm in Hong Kong IPO Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba said Tuesday it intends to spin off its logistics arm Cainiao through an initial public offering in Hong Kong as the firm undergoes a massive restructuring.
	Generative AI could transform work, boosting productivity and democratizing innovation Generative AI could drive a wave of potential opportunities for the technology value stack, according to researchers from the Oxford Martin School.
	Offshore wind: Inflation and policy uncertainty risks derailing the UK's main hope for a low-carbon future In what many have deemed a disaster, the UK government's latest auction for renewable power—an annual attempt to incentivize private sector investment in a range of power sources—has failed to bring forward any new offshore wind projects. Consequently, the government's own target of achieving 50 gigawatts of offshore wind capacity by 2030 is hanging by a thread, and investor confidence has hit a new low.
	Q&A: Why Amazon's online marketplace drew FTC scrutiny Amazon.com Inc. and Lina Khan have a fraught history. Khan made her name as a law student in 2017 with an article in The Yale Law Journal that made an example of Amazon to argue for a broad re-imagining of U.S. antitrust law. Now she's the chair of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, which has already sanctioned Amazon for privacy lapses and is expected to sue the company for antitrust violations this week, after a multiyear investigation.
	Near-field wideband channel estimation for extremely large-scale MIMO Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) at millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands plays an important role in 6G networks for its extreme high beamforming gain and abundant spectrum resources.

Chemistry news

	Coatings made from a wood by-product can keep our glasses and windshields clear Researchers have developed a way to turn a waste material from wood into a bio-based transparent film that can be used for anti-fogging or anti-reflective coatings on glasses or vehicle windows. In addition to offering an alternative to the toxic synthetic materials currently used, this approach transforms a waste product into a valuable carbon sink.
	Water films: The silent architects of chemical transformations Water films are virtually present on all minerals exposed to air moisture, from dry soils to atmospheric dust. The number of water layers that minerals can store is directly controlled by atmospheric humidity.
	Chemists used machine learning and molecular modeling to identify potential anticancer drugs RUDN University chemists and colleagues from China built several machine learning models and discovered a group of potential drugs that inhibit the enzyme responsible for uncontrolled cell division. The results were published in Biomedicines.
	Electromagnetic field-assisted thermal catalysis enabling low-temperature, low-pressure, large-scale ammonia synthesis Ammonia (NH3), as one of the most common industrial chemicals, is essential for nitrogenous fertilizer production and shows potential as a next-generation green fuel. Industrial ammonia synthesis relies on the reaction of fossil fuel-derived hydrogen and nitrogen (Haber-Bosch method) under high temperature (~500 °C) and high pressure (>15 MPa), which consumes ∼2% of global power and discharges ∼1.5% of global greenhouse gas.
	Certified Reference Material unlocks precise acrylamide measurement in infant formula The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed a Certified Reference Material (CRM) for the accurate analysis of low levels of acrylamide in infant formula.
	Team designs nitride-reinforced NbMoTaWHfN refractory high-entropy alloy A new generation of refractory alloys with excellent high-temperature performance is urgently demanded for aero-engines, gas turbines, and nuclear power plants. As the service temperature of their hot-ends is reaching 1800 °C or even higher, traditional superalloys can hardly fulfill the temperature demands. Mainly composed of refractory metal elements, refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) exhibit enhanced strength at temperatures above 1,200° C, causing them to attract a great deal of attention.

Biology news

	Unleashing the power of AI to track animal behavior Movement offers a window into how the brain operates and controls the body. From clipboard-and-pen observation to modern artificial intelligence-based techniques, tracking human and animal movement has come a long way. Current cutting-edge methods utilize artificial intelligence to automatically track parts of the body as they move. However, training these models is still time-intensive and limited by the need for researchers to manually mark each body part hundreds to thousands of times.
	Scientists uncover a scaly surprise with new pangolin species The small, scaly, and highly endangered pangolin has been keeping a secret: it comprises not eight species but nine, with a new one discovered through analysis of confiscated scales.
	How to save plants from climate change. The answers may be the language of their tissues and physiology Redwoods and oaks that thrive on California's coastline and coastal mountains might soon start finding it harder to survive. Human-caused climate change is altering the temperatures and rainfall patterns to which those and other trees are accustomed, and many have already been pushed close to the edge of what they can endure.
	Earthworms contribute to 6.5% of global grain production Earthworms are important drivers of global food production, contributing to approximately 6.5% of grain yield and 2.3% of legumes produced worldwide each year, according to new work published by Colorado State University scientists in the journal Nature Communications.
	Investigating the link between iron deficiency and regulation of cell growth Northwestern Medicine investigators have uncovered new mechanisms by which iron deficiency inhibits cell growth and proliferation in eukaryotic cells, according to findings published in Nature Cell Biology.
	Chromosomal instability in cancer cells causes DNA damage and promotes invasiveness: Study Chromosomal instability is a phenomenon characterized by rapid changes in the number and structure of chromosomes during cell division. It is very common in solid tumors and it is linked to the aggressive spread of cancer, that is to say, metastasis. Given that metastasis causes 90% of cancer-related deaths, it is vital to unravel the details of this process.
	A close-up of biological nanomachines: Researchers take a deep look at peroxisomal processes Every system has its waste disposal system. The cell organelles known as "peroxisomes" dispose of toxic substances and fats in the human body, among other things, and, in doing so, they prevent serious illnesses. The "Pex" group of proteins (peroxisomes biogenesis factors) keep these "detox units" functioning properly.
	Genetically engineering associations between plants and diazotrophs could lessen dependence on synthetic fertilizer Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but the overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture is not sustainable.
	These reindeer survived, isolated, for 7,000 years, but will they survive climate change? Despite inbreeding and limited genetic diversity, the Svalbard reindeer has managed to adapt to extreme living conditions in record time—what researchers call a genetic paradox. But can they survive climate change?
	A 1% increase in unbroken rice could help feed millions more, boost producer profit A 1% increase in unbroken rice kernels after milling could mean millions more servings of this critical staple grain, increased food security around the globe and improved producer profitability, a study from two Arkansas researchers suggests.
	3D organoids unlock promising insights into lung cancer in dogs Veterinary researchers have used organoids—three-dimensional organ-like structures grown from stem cells and tissue samples—to investigate the biological processes of lung cancer in dogs, a disease that is much rarer in our canine friends than it is in humans, but often far more deadly
	Study shows invertebrate decline reduces natural pest control and decomposition of organic matter The decline in invertebrates also affects the functioning of ecosystems, including two critical ecosystem services: aboveground pest control and belowground decomposition of organic material, according to a new study published in Current Biology and led by researchers at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Leipzig University.
	Double trouble: Infamous 'eagle killer' bacterium produces not one, but two toxins The cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola produces not just one, but two highly potent toxins. In the latest issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), an international team led by Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and Freie Universität Berlin describes the second toxin, which had remained elusive until now.
	Assessing the safety and suitability of using cat-attracting plants for olfactory enrichment In a study published in iScience, a research team first examined the effects of silver vine on cats by comparing single exposure and long-term exposure to plant extracts. The cats were given access to the extract for four hours. At first, they showed the characteristic rubbing and rolling behaviors in response.
	Why ecological restoration without Indigenous leadership won't last Imagine you're sitting in your living room on a quiet evening with your family reading a book, when suddenly, complete strangers let themselves in your front door. If that wasn't enough of a shock, before you can even find your voice to ask who they are, they begin rearranging your furniture, painting your walls different colors, bagging up possessions that are important to you, and appear to be swapping out the food in your refrigerator.
	Researchers build and test a framework for achieving climate resilience across diverse fisheries What makes for a successful climate-resilient fishery, one that sustainably produces resources for human benefit despite increasing climate stressors and human impacts? It's a question that faces present and future fisheries, their practitioners and fishing communities as the world turns to the ocean to feed its growing population.
	Genomics detective work reveals pest moth travels The fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a notorious pest in agriculture. It devastates essential food crops and threatens global food security. It has been reported to feed on more than 350 plant species, ranging from maize to cotton and vegetables.
	Fossils in Morocco reveal the astounding diversity of marine life 66 million years ago, just before the asteroid hit Sixty-six million years ago, the Cretaceous period ended. Dinosaurs disappeared, along with around 90% of all species on Earth. The patterns and causes of this extinction have been debated since paleontology began. Was it a slow, inevitable decline, or did the end come quickly, driven by a sudden, unpredictable disaster?
	New insect genus discovered in one of the most biodiverse rain forest regions in the world The Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve in Peru has often been described as the most biodiverse rainforest in the world. For example, in recent decades, scientist have discovered several new bird species from the region. Researchers at the University of Turku in Finland have studied the insect biodiversity in Allpahuayo-Mishana for over 20 years.
	Why endangered wildlife needs AML law coverage and banks need to share IWT intelligence The illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a fast-growing "financial portfolio" within the larger illegal, violent, parallel transnational global economy. As such, it creates state-level security and development risks, especially in source countries.
	Pea-powered innovation delivers vitamin B12 daily dose Pea shoots which contain the recommended daily dose of vitamin B12 fortified in a single small portion could soon be a tasty and healthy addition to your salad.
	Decreasing biodiversity may promote spread of viruses How are environmental changes, loss of biodiversity, and the spread of pathogens connected? The answer is a puzzle. Scientists from Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin in cooperation with the Leibniz-IZW have now described one piece of that puzzle in a study on the effects of rainforest clearing on mosquitoes and the viruses they carry in the journal eLife.
	RNA recovered from extinct animal in world first Scientists have for the first time recovered RNA from an extinct species, the Tasmanian tiger, raising hope for the resurrection of animals once thought lost forever, Stockholm University researchers told AFP.
	South American bat rediscovered after a century The Strange Big-eared Brown Bat, Histiotus alienus, was first described by science in 1916, by the British zoologist Oldfield Thomas. The description of the species was based on a single specimen captured in Joinville, Paraná, in southern Brazil.
	Fungus versus flies: Following a scent towards insecticide-free pest management While a blueberry with a fungal infection might end up in most people's compost bin, for a team of researchers in the US, it has provided a key to tackling the unsustainable use of insecticides.
	Five jellyfish species you may encounter more often in UK's warming seas While scuba diving off the south-west coast of England this summer, I was lucky to encounter several different species of jellyfish in just a matter of weeks. Many of these, including the compass jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella), are already common to UK waters. But among them was one that I had never laid eyes on before—the crystal jelly (Aequorea victoria)—a creature capable of glowing in the dark.
	Bacterial biosensors: The future of analyte detection Scientists can do some nifty things with microbes, including engineering bacterial cells to sense and signal the presence of specific compounds. These microbial whole-cell biosensors have numerous purposes, from detecting toxins in the environment to signaling infections or disease in humans. Propelled by advances in synthetic biology, researchers are continuing to refine the methodology for creating bacterial biosensors and are developing new ways to apply these devices to promote human and planetary health.
	New findings on the albino giant panda in the Wolong National Nature Reserve Four years ago, in a twist of fate, an all-white "bear-like" creature spotted in a nature reserve in China's Sichuan Province was identified by zoologists as the world's only albino giant panda. (The giant panda is classified as a species of bear.)

Medicine and Health news

	Study shows that perception is driven by variability of neural activity in the sensory cortex The brain is a sophisticated biological system known to produce different experiences and perceptions via complex dynamics. Different brain regions and neural populations commonly work in tandem, communicating with each other to ultimately produce specific behaviors and sensations.
	Elevated temperatures and climate change may contribute to rising drug and alcohol disorders Hospital visits from alcohol- and substance-related disorders are driven by elevated temperatures and could be further affected by rising temperatures due to climate change, according to new research by environmental health scientists at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.
	Unraveling the gut's role in Gulf War illness Growing up, Texas A&M University biomedical engineering doctoral student Claudia Collier understood that a family outing could abruptly end at any moment. The possibility that her mother might suffer from a flare-up loomed, regardless of the event or plan. A flare-up not rooted in a genetic disorder, disease or virus, but rather something that followed her from the time she spent serving her country—Gulf War illness (GWI).
	Depression, anxiety may be among early signs of multiple sclerosis New research from the University of British Columbia is painting a clearer picture of the early signs of multiple sclerosis (MS), showing that people are nearly twice as likely to experience mental illness in the years leading up to the onset of the diseases.
	How silencing a gene-silencer could lead to new cancer drugs Deep inside our cells— each one complete with an identical set of genes— a molecular machine known as PRC2 plays a critical role in determining which cells become heart cells, vs. brain or muscle or skin cells.
	Antiviral peptide prevents SARS-CoV-2 from infecting host cells Emory Vaccine Center researchers say they have identified the Achilles heel of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
	Yeasts as triggers of altered immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease Chronic bowel inflammation is based on an excessive or misdirected inflammatory reaction. Experts assume that the immune system also reacts incorrectly to microorganisms in the intestine that do not cause an inflammatory immune reaction in a healthy state. But which microorganisms trigger this immune response and how exactly the immune cells react is still largely unknown.
	Research explores impact of parental relatedness on type 2 diabetes and other common diseases A new study finds that consanguinity—unions between close relatives—may increase the risk of common diseases such as type 2 diabetes and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
	Electric shock reveals that worms may have basic 'emotions' Brain research is one of the most crucial fields in modern life sciences, and "emotion" is one of its major topics. Studying emotions in animals has long been considered challenging with limited research mostly focused on "fear" in mice and rats.
	New target identified for pancreatic cancer treatment Researchers have found a protein to block the growth of cancer stem-like cells as a possible treatment for pancreatic cancer.
	New study advocates remission as therapeutic goal in prediabetes Prediabetes is a condition that precedes type 2 diabetes and increases the risk of heart attack, kidney and eye disease, and several types of cancer. There is no approved drug therapy for prediabetes. Scientists at the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) now show how and by which mechanisms prediabetes can be brought into remission, i.e., into a state in which blood glucose levels return to normal.
	New study finds blocking histones using antibodies alleviates lung fibrosis Lung fibrosis is a debilitating disease affecting nearly 250,000 people in the U.S. alone with 50,000 new cases reported each year. There is currently no cure and limited available treatment options, underscoring the pressing need to better understand why people get this disease.
	Increasing steps by 3,000 per day can lower blood pressure in older adults An estimated 80% of older adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure. Maintaining healthy blood pressure can protect against serious conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, and strokes.
	Q&A: 'Crystal ribcage' technology pioneers new approaches to lung health It's no secret that our lungs play a vital role in our daily lives—ensuring we can breathe, fend off infections, and adapt to various challenges. Despite their importance, the organs still puzzle many medical experts, especially when they're affected by diseases. While traditional tools like MRI and CT scans are helpful when a patient is experiencing a lung-related illness, they can still fall short in providing the detailed, real-time information needed to understand the intricacies of lung health.
	Study finds senescent immune cells promote lung tumor growth Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that are among the body's first line of defense against infection. In addition to killing harmful microorganisms, macrophages typically can initiate a response against tumors. However, macrophages, like other cells, can enter a state called senescence, which is linked to aging, disease and multiple physiological problems.
	HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis is often out of reach for women and marginalized people The United States has a proven treatment to reduce HIV infection risk by up to 99%. The health system just needs to get better at offering it. In 2021, the country had over 36,000 new HIV diagnoses, yet PrEP (HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis) is used by fewer than one in four people who would benefit from it.
	In-home prenatal support improves birth outcomes, reduces disparities, study shows New Michigan State University and Corewell Health research shows that in-home, enhanced prenatal services provided by community health workers, nurses and social workers can dramatically reduce the risk of premature births, the main cause of infant deaths among Black and Hispanic populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2020 ranked Michigan seventh highest in the U.S. for infant mortality.
	Yoga improves quality of life, cardiovascular function in heart failure patients Previous studies have shown that yoga therapy and lifestyle modifications have improved heart failure patients' quality of life and enhanced their cardiovascular function. A new study, presented at the American College of Cardiology Asia 2023 conference, held 29–30 September in Manila, Philippines, examines the long-term outcomes of yoga therapy to determine the benefit of adding yoga therapy as a complementary treatment in the management of heart failure.
	Radiologists outperformed AI in identifying lung diseases on chest X-ray In a study of more than 2,000 chest X-rays, radiologists outperformed AI in accurately identifying the presence and absence of three common lung diseases, according to a study published in Radiology, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
	New treatment trialed in mice offers hope for advanced liver cancer Researchers have discovered a new way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) the most common type of liver cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
	Study finds preventative health checks are reaching women most in need University of Queensland research has found general practitioners are proactively providing preventative health checks to women in midlife who need it most, possibly due to sufficient Medicare rebates.
	Studies show that what you think about before sleep, influences how you sleep You're lying in bed, trying to fall asleep but the racing thoughts won't stop. Instead, your brain is busy making detailed plans for the next day, replaying embarrassing moments ("why did I say that?"), or producing seemingly random thoughts ("where is my birth certificate?").
	Is it normal to forget words while speaking? We've all experienced that moment mid-sentence when we just can't find the word we want to use, even though we're certain we know it.
	Glue ear: There's a better alternative to grommet surgery Glitches in our evolutionary development mean that 80% of four-year-olds get glue ear, a temporary loss of hearing. Many have costly and unnecessary surgery despite there being excellent non-surgical alternatives.
	Nitazenes: Synthetic opioids more deadly than fentanyl are starting to turn up in overdose cases The synthetic opioid fentanyl is well known for the many lives it has claimed—mainly in the US, but elsewhere too. Now, a less well-known class of synthetic opioids called nitazenes is starting to crop up in overdose cases, on both sides of the Atlantic.
	Tailored text messages not enough to improve mobility after heart issues Nearly one in three Americans wear a wearable device, like a smartwatch, to track their health and fitness.
	Online grocery shopping: 'Huge gap' in major supermarkets' food labeling Food label information that is otherwise mandatory for physical products is missing from online supermarkets in Australia, which may pose a health and safety risk for consumers, a new study suggests.
	Ethnicity and early menopause increase risk of type 2 diabetes, finds study University of Queensland research has found ethnicity plays a significant role in determining a woman's risk of developing type 2 diabetes after early menopause.
	Questions answered about this season's flu and COVID-19 vaccines With flu season around the corner and the ongoing uptick in COVID-19 cases, many have questions about the vaccines for both viruses.
	Will a pill help new moms bounce back from postpartum depression? Baby blues occurs in most new mothers, but 1 in 6 will go on to develop the more crushing symptoms of postpartum depression, which in severe and rare cases can lead to psychosis, and, in offspring, insecure attachment, difficulty regulating emotions and poor attention.
	Scientists unearth potential new target for treating debilitating skin disease A team led by scientists from the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) has unearthed the possible target for treating the debilitating skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which is a painful, chronic, inflammatory skin condition that can last decades.
	Research suggests poor childbirth experiences reduce birth rate In her doctoral thesis, Johanna Joensuu, MSc, investigated the childbirth experiences of those who gave birth in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) from 2012 to 2018. According to the study, childbirth experiences have, on average, weakened in Finland between 2012 and 2018.
	Redefining global health security: A novel framework sheds light on equity and decolonial approaches In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new policy paper titled "Global Health Security and the Health-Security Nexus: Principles, Politics and Praxis" in the journal BMJ Global Health, warns of dangers and potential pitfalls associated with the increased attention paid to "global health security" and the growing interaction between public health and security actors.
	COVID-19 vaccines and boosters found to be beneficial for maternal-fetal health, study finds In light of the recent FDA and CDC decision to approve two updated messenger RNA COVID-19 booster shots, it is imperative to alert the pregnant population of the importance and effectiveness of these vaccines and boosters.
	Loud sounds at movies and concerts can cause hearing loss, but there are ways to protect your ears Ever go to the movies or a rock concert and been blasted by the sound? You may not realize it while it's happening, but ongoing exposure to loud sounds at these venues can damage your hearing.
	Sensory neuron activation from topical treatments modulates the sensorial perception of human skin: Study Some cleansers make the skin feel "tight" and some moisturizers make the skin feel "soft." Reinhold H. Dauskardt and colleagues traced the mechanisms by which applying cleansers or moisturizers to the skin results in such sensations, using in-vitro biomechanical testing, computational neural stimulation modeling, and self-assessment surveys completed by thousands of participants.
	New test for sepsis could save lives in emergency departments, study suggests Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when an infection causes a chain reaction throughout the body that can lead to the failure of multiple organs in rapid succession. In the United States about 350,000 people die from sepsis each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, making proper diagnosis a matter of life-or-death importance.
	Older adults show greater increase in body temperature in simulated heat wave than previously reported Under conditions designed to better mirror real-world conditions, a new study finds that adults 65 and older are affected more by heat wave–like temperatures than previously reported. The study, "Age alters the thermoregulatory responses to extreme heat exposure with accompanying activities of daily living," is published ahead of print in the Journal of Applied Physiology.
	How your internal clock plays a key role in optimizing mental performance Whether you are an early bird or a night owl, your internal clock plays a critical role in maximizing your mental performance, according to a recent Baycrest study. This effect is so strong that it can significantly impact academic performance for adolescent students and the results of brain health assessments for older adults.
	Keeping baby safe: Follow these tips to lower sleep risks It's always a good time to check your baby's sleep space.
	New study finds disparities across management of pediatric chronic asthma Black children may have more severe asthma episodes than their white counterparts but are less likely to be transported to the hospital by emergency medical services (EMS), according to a new study published in the journal Prehospital Emergency Care by University of Pittsburgh and UPMC researcher-physicians.
	Gaza electricity crisis creates major mental health problems: Study Prolonged periods without electricity are having a severe impact on the mental health of many people living in the Gaza Strip, a new study reveals.
	Study predicts significant increase in the need for treatment of eye diseases over the next 5 years Since 2007, it has become possible to treat retinal diseases such as wet AMD, eye blood clots, and diabetic retinopathy with medical injections into the eye. Over 56,000 Danes have received the anti-VEGF medication since then to prevent blindness from these diseases.
	Nurses, health care staff face higher suicide risks Nurses, health technicians and health care support workers face a higher risk of suicide than the general U.S. population does, an alarming new study shows.
	Vacuum-induced control device beneficial for postpartum hemorrhage Rapid and effective bleeding control can be achieved using a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared intrauterine vacuum-induced hemorrhage control device for both vaginal and cesarean births, according to a study published online Sept. 14 in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Burden of heart disease considerable for American Indians, Alaska natives American Indian and Alaska Native patients with Medicare insurance have a considerable burden of cardiovascular disease, according to a study published online Sept. 22 in JAMA Network Open.
	Increase in types 1 and 2 diabetes seen in US youth during pandemic The incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased among U.S. youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a study published online Sept. 21 in JAMA Network Open.
	Examining how gender inequalities worsen women's access to cancer prevention, detection and care Unequal power dynamics across society have resounding negative impacts on how women interact with cancer prevention, care and treatment. According to a new Lancet Commission, gender inequality and discrimination influence women's rights and opportunities to avoid cancer risk factors and impede their ability to seek and obtain timely diagnosis and quality cancer care.
	Prolonged mismatch between calories eaten and burned may be putting many athletes at risk The estimated prevalence of relative energy deficiencies (REDs) varies by sport, ranging from 15% to 80%. The syndrome often goes unrecognized by athletes themselves, their coaches, and team clinicians, and may unwittingly be exacerbated by the "sports culture," because of the perceived short term gains on performance from intentionally or unintentionally limiting calorie intake, warns the Statement.
	New abortion law drives out NC's scarce supply of OB-GYNs, primary care doctors Dr. Nicole Teal was working a night shift in September 2022, when a patient came into UNC Medical Center's labor and delivery unit with a particularly dangerous set of symptoms.
	New study categorizes and examines four different types of model related to cancerous tumors The term model is employed quite widely in science and technology.
	Mindfulness programs help minoritized youth develop healthy coping skills, study shows Educational programs that promote mental and physical health can help young people—particularly in environments of chronic stress and trauma exposure—learn healthy coping strategies, avoid risky behaviors, and succeed in school. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign shows that a school-based mindfulness program is beneficial for Black high school students in urban communities.
	Scientists reveal mechanistic link between zinc levels and diabetes Researchers have identified a mechanistic link between zinc levels in humans and the risk of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease.
	Research team studies homicides of health professionals Published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, University of Minnesota Medical School researchers have examined homicide rates of health professionals in the United States to inform prevention interventions and strategies.
	Black bisexual women in rural areas found to be at highest risk for suicidal behaviors Non-Hispanic and Hispanic Black bisexual women who live in rural areas have the highest prevalence of experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors, according to a Penn State-led study. The researchers said this "first-of-its-kind study," published in JAMA Psychiatry, has revealed how various demographic factors intersect to affect a person's risk of having suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
	Testing transgenic T cells against malignant brain tumors Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM) have successfully tested a new form of cellular immunotherapy against brain tumors in mice for the first time.
	New research: Acute kidney damage spreads over time When our kidneys are acutely damaged, it can cause necrotic injury, which is the death of cells in the kidney. A new study from Aarhus University has now found that the cell damage spreads over several days after the immediate injury, affecting a larger area of the kidneys.
	Understanding of mechanisms behind post-exercise lack of appetite can open new paths to obesity treatment The complex relationship between physical activity and energy balance—food intake versus energy expenditure—is still a challenge for science, especially in light of the rising worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity. Some of the medications available on the market to combat obesity work analogously to hormones associated with appetite control, and for some time researchers have focused on understanding how processes involving metabolites (products of cell metabolism) affect hunger and satiety.
	Living donor liver transplant access is optimal for high-risk waitlisted cirrhosis patients: Study A new research paper titled "Availability of living donor optimizes timing of liver transplant in high-risk waitlisted cirrhosis patients" has been published inAging.
	Study finds link to unclean cooking fuels and developmental delays in children Just about everyone knows that cigarette smoke is bad for babies. Should cooking fuels like natural gas, propane and wood be viewed similarly when used indoors?
	Small wearable device delivers big hope for kids with gut pain Before irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) invaded her life, Taylor was a classic high-achieving teen: straight As, track, dance, student government. Then she began having nausea, constipation and shooting pains in her stomach.
	Low back pain episodes are shorter when patients choose physical therapy first, study finds Patients who first seek physical therapy or chiropractic care have better outcomes and shorter episodes of acute care for low back pain, according to new research from the University of Pittsburgh and published today in the journal Physical Therapy.
	Learning collaborative promotes mifepristone education and utilization training in federally qualified health centers Researchers created a learning collaborative that included implementing an intervention titled, "Excellence in Providing Access to New Directions in Mifepristone Use (ExPAND Mifepristone)" in two Chicago-area Federally Qualified Health Centers with a focus on enhancing educational and training support services for primary care doctors and staff to use mifepristone for miscarriage management and abortion provision.
	What is kratom? Professor discusses the herbal extract's use a safe alternative to opioids Is kratom a welcome respite for those with chronic pain? Or is it a different style of opioid that can be addictive?
	UN says cholera and dengue outbreaks have been reported in eastern Sudan as conflict grinds on Outbreaks of cholera and dengue fever have been reported in eastern Sudan, where thousands of people are sheltering in crowded camps amid deadly fighting between the country's military and a rival paramilitary force, the U.N. health agency said on Tuesday.
	New report shows Food is Medicine interventions would save US lives and billions of dollars Incorporating targeted food and nutrition strategies into health care on a national level will improve health and quality of life, reduce work for hospitals, and cut health care costs, according to experts studying Food is Medicine (FIM) efforts.
	Pfizer restarts production plant in North Carolina following tornado damage in July A Pfizer plant that makes vital drugs, anesthesia and hospital supplies has restarted production after a 10-week shutdown.
	Hep C's number comes up: Can Biden's 5-year plan eliminate the longtime scourge? Rick Jaenisch went through treatment six times before his hepatitis C was cured in 2017. Each time his doctors recommended a different combination of drugs, his insurer denied the initial request before eventually approving it. This sometimes delayed his care for months, even after he developed end-stage liver disease and was awaiting a liver transplant.
	Contaminated drug causes vision loss for dozens of Pakistan diabetics Dozens of diabetes patients in Pakistan suffered vision loss after being given a contaminated drug, a provincial health official said Tuesday.
	New teen mental health court: 'We see the need in the community' Porter County, Indiana, has expanded its problem-solving courts to include a mental health court for teens, the first of its kind in the state.
	New report on use of multiplex panels for diagnosing infectious diseases The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) today published a review of the current benefits and challenges to using multiplex PCR panels for the detection of microbial pathogens from gastrointestinal, central nervous system, lower respiratory tract, and joint specimens.
	Doctors improve antioxidant response in diabetics and hypertensive patients RUDN University doctors studied what happens to oxidative and antioxidant processes in the heart during diabetes and hypertension. The work provides insight into the relationship between these processes at the molecular level and outlines possible therapeutic targets. The results were published in Pathophysiology.
	Latest version of the Healthy Eating Index covers toddler diet quality In four new articles in the Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, leading nutrition experts describe and evaluate the latest versions of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), issued to correspond to the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). For the first time, there are two new HEIs, one for children and adults 2 years and older, and one for young children aged 12 through 23 months.
	Team reports on enhanced wound healing, hemostasis with exosome-loaded gelatin sponges from umbilical cord stem cells Rapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge, necessitating studies to hasten this process. A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) derived exosomes. Recently, a research team sought to investigate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of gelatin sponges loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes.
	New guide to home-based cardiac care is released The health care landscape has undergone rapid changes in recent years, requiring clinicians and stakeholders to consider innovative ways to provide care in traditional and non-traditional settings. The American College of Cardiology has released a workbook on home-based cardiac care that provides the cardiovascular care team with tools and resources to incorporate high-quality, patient-centered care in the home setting.

Other Sciences news

	Ecological theory can help explain why segregation persists An ecological theory may help to explain why segregation is so widespread and persistent in US cities, according to a paper published today in Buildings and Cities. The new way of framing segregation's endurance may provide a useful tool to study and address systemic racism, and could ultimately reveal novel ways of breaking the cycle.
	Study examines benefits and obstacles of library data storytelling The effective use of data storytelling could positively impact public library managers' approaches to data collection and their advocacy for libraries, according to Kate McDowell, associate professor in the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. However, cultural roadblocks to data storytelling must be addressed for the process to be successful, McDowell discovered in a recently completed study.
	Workplace loneliness is the modern pandemic damaging lives and hurting businesses Loneliness is a much discussed social issue, but it is rarely considered to be a workplace problem that needs to be managed like other health issues at work.
	Sick leave in UK hits 15-year high: Study Sick leave in the UK has hit its highest rate in 15 years and is well above pre-pandemic levels, a study showed Tuesday.
	Research shows disability is common factor in school suspensions New research has found evidence of Queensland students from priority equity groups being unfairly suspended from school. The study is published in The Australian Educational Researcher.
	New study on how governments can fund radical ecological and social policies without GDP growth According to a new study led by a researcher at Freie Universität Berlin's Otto Suhr Institute of Political Science, the level of gross domestic product (GDP) has no impact on the ability of states with monetary sovereignty to fund investments in radical decarbonization measures and ambitious social policies such as universal public services and a job guarantee. The study, "How to pay for saving the world: Modern Monetary Theory for a degrowth transition," has just been published in the journal Ecological Economics.
	Why separating fact from fiction is critical in teaching US slavery Of all the debate over teaching U.S. slavery, it is one sentence of Florida's revised academic standards that has provoked particular ire: "Instruction includes how slaves developed skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their personal benefit."
	Finding predictable patterns in terrorist propaganda A University at Buffalo communication researcher has found predictable patterns in terrorist propaganda that attempts to persuade otherwise morally grounded people to join violent causes.
	Study demonstrates the presence of camelids in Cordoba during the Roman and al-Andalus eras A research team has found the remains of nine different camelids, making Córdoba one of the main sites featuring this animal on the Iberian Peninsula
	UK cost-of-living crisis set to increase early deaths: study The UK's inflation-fueled cost-of-living crisis is set to "cut lives short" and "significantly widen the wealth-health gap", according to a study published by open access journal BMJ Public Health on Monday.
	Is it time for Australia to introduce a national skills passport? As part of the new employment white paper, the federal government has announced it is thinking seriously about a national skills passport.
	Entrepreneurs are facing a mental health crisis, according to report Mental health is a pressing concern in the startup community. Entrepreneurs face a number of unique challenges, including securing funding and meeting grueling performance targets—all while trying to achieve a work-life balance. These demands can take a significant toll on someone's mental health.
	The many reviews of Australia's public service miss one vital problem—the language used to communicate ideas Australia's public service is no stranger to reform. In the past nine years, it has undergone three significant reviews of its policy advising capabilities, all of which broadly agreed that its policy advice tends towards reticence and needs to be strengthened.
	Balancing social missions with profitability A study in the International Journal of Business Excellence has revealed how accountability in the performance of social village-owned enterprises (VOEs) is critical to their meeting both their social mission and achieving financial viability without compromising either. The research, which focused on VOEs across four districts, examined 451 participants and showed how social ethics and financial aims must be delicately balanced.

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